Color setting of justifying typewriters



July 5, 1955 P. LEGLISE COLOR SETTING OF JUSTIF'YING TYPEWRITERS Filed Aug. 2, 1952 HEFQQB- z m 1Q H. U

INVENTOR AT TOR NEY FILM/LL,

United States Patent ()fitice 2,712,375 Patented July 5, 1955 COLOR SETTING F JUSTIFYING TYPEWRITERS Pierre Lglise, Paris, France v Application August 2, 1952, Serial No. 302,309

3 Claims. (Cl. 197-84) The present invention is directed to the setting of justifiers through the agency of colors in end-of-line justifying typewriters. In the so-called end-of-line justifying process as described in the application for patent Serial No. 215,748 filed March 15, 1951, under the title Process and. Apparatus for Justifying Typewritten Material, now Pat ent No. 2,696,286, the justification is effected by regular contraction or dilation of the typing in only the end portions of the lines, known as terminal segments. The justifying-mechanisms give the terminal segments of the different linesa common length, that 'of the normal terminal segment, a feature of construction in the typewriter.

The end-of-line justifying typewriters as the above application describes comprise but one normal terminal segment. On the. other hand, those described in the application for patent Serial No. 297,939 filed July 9, 1952,

under the title End-of-line Justifying Typewriter," now Patent No. 2,705,554, comprise several of these segments. The possibility of choosing, for the justification of a given text, a normal terminal segment with a length as near as possible to the width of the required column, allows the carrying out of the dilations and contractions of the typing necessary to the justification on final parts of the lines systematically or occasionally longer than is permitted by typewriters with a single normal terminal segment; there results smaller rates of dilation and contraction. For example, in a typewriter with four normal terminal segments comprising respectively 30, 40, 50 and 60 characters, the texts intended to fit columns of to 39 (401) characters are justified over the normal terminal segment of 30 characters, but texts intended to form columns of 40 to 49 (50-1) characters canbe justified over the normal terminal segment of 40 characters, etc., and texts intended to fit columns of charactersor more can be justified over the normal terminal segment of 60 characters; whilst if the typewriter were reduced to the employment of only the first of these various normal terminal segments, simply the last 30 characters (on the average) of each line, would be, in every case, the object of contractions or dilations. r

Whatever the number of normal terminal segments available, a given taskis effected, usually, by employing only one of these segments: the longest possible of them for justifications after a preparatory typing, and, as a rule,

the shortest for justifications at the first attempt. The present invention, which finds its main application in this last kind of justification, is however independent of the length of the normal terminal segment used.

In justifications at the first attempt, it is necessary to count the number of characters of the term character applying equally here to the spaces between words. To this effect, quoted applications anticipates the effecting of the blank typing of these segments on the space bar. On the other hand, according to the application for patent Serial No.

300,072 filed July 21, 1952, under the title Blank Typing of Terminal Segments," the blank typings are effected on the whole of the keyboard, the impressions on the paper the terminal segments,

the first of the abovearrival in line with the type guide being simultaneously prevented by a no impression device, without the rack and the carriage losing their mobility. Whatever the method of executing blank typings, the process of counting must be borne in mind for the understanding of the invention.

All ordinary typewriters are provided with a graduated rule, integral sometimes with the carriage, sometimes with the frame, and usually with an indicator showing the graduations of this rule; the indicator is mounted on the frame in the first case and on the carriage in the second.

When the graduated rule is integral with the carriage, it is, in most cases, the horizontal bar holding the paper against the platen by the intermediary of small rubber rolls (paper bail), which constitutes the said rule; the graduations can be read, for example, in line with the type guide serving as indicator. It however happens that. the rule in question may be duplicated by a second rule, similarly graduated, which then moves usually behind a window or opening of the guide, and the graduations of which are read by means of some mark made at the base of the window. In any case, the indicator occupies a central position on the typewriter.

When the graduated rule indicator is mounted in the riage.

To proceed on a fixed basis, it will be assumed in the following exposition of the counting process that the plane of symmetry of the cargraduated rule is integral with the carriage and that the I indicator is in the same vertical plane as the type guide.

When transforming such ordinary typewriters into endof-line justifying typewriters in accordance with the process described in the above-quoted applications, care is taken, naturally, sible, such a position that the reading of the graduations may be easy.

To effect justifications with an end-of-line justifying typewriter, the member actuating the justifier is set on the frame with a view to causing the necessary contractions or dilations of the typing from a predetermined section of the platen, means being designed to announce the tion; these means can be either the blocking of the carriage by the right hand margin stop or, better, the sounding of a bell. At the instant of this arrival, the indicator points towards the graduation of the rule which constitutes, by definition, the beginning of all the terminal segments for the work in course of execution. 'Let this graduation be 55 for example. If the normal terminal segment utilized comprises, for example, 30 characters and the justification play covers from -4 to +4 charactersfthe terminal segments of the various lines will not be "capable of comprising less than 26 (304) or more than 34 (30+4) characters. For ascertaining'the number of characters which it will be possible to include in the terminal segment of the line already partly typed, the typist continues the typing of the text either on the space bar after actuating the margin release or on the keyboard after engaging the no impression device. During this operation, the carriage shifts character by character, without the characters being printed and the successive graduations 56, 57, 58,'etc. of the rule move past the indicator. .When the graduation (55+30) approaches this latter, the typist turns her attention to the is integral 'with the frame, the.

to give the indicator, as much as posof the section in ques-- she observes, for exters during the blank typing, and the typist deduces a certain resultfrom the counting thus'efiected. Then; bringing the beginning of the still blank portion of the line back to the type guide (i. e. the graduation 55 of the rule in line with the indicator), the typist sets the justifier' to the required notch, disengages the no impression devicev if it has been employed, as the case may be, and effec= tively prints the terminal segment which, in emerging justified, justifiesthe line.

The reading. of. numerical graduations and. the. subsequent. calculation, although elementary character are thecause of'certain errors: the graduation; marking the.

end of the normal terminal segment (85 in. the. particu: lar case.) can. slip the memoryitvaries. indeed. according to thework; a graduation can,,f'rom.a distance, be. miss taken. for. another; a: negative setting can. be confused with a positive. Inbrief, the satisfactory executionof justifications. at the first attempt, entails, especially in the countingphase, certain concentration which it.is-. desirable to eliminate, so.v much more. so since the number of'char: acters ofjtheterminal segment, the composition. of which the typist has just settled. does not present. in itself. anyiriterest, and only the resulting. setting of the justifier is of'any importance.

The invention has as its object a processand settingde. vices by means of which the. typist is freed from calculating,.and. evenknowing, the number. of surplusor. deficit. characters in the terminal segments, the setting of the. justifier being. effected. through the agency of colors,. to the. exclusionof the use of. numerical graduations or their differences.

To this effect, asystem for. reading the spacesfromthe.

margin by means of colors is fitted to the typewriter, a system to. be adjusted at the beginning of the work and comprising two elements: aspace scale and a readingindicator, of which only one is adjustable on its support. It being possible to make the support of either element a part either of the carriage or the frame, four combinations can be, designed:

(a) The space scale is adjustable on the. carriage. and. the reading indicator fixed on the frame;

(5). The space scale is fixed on the carriage and the reading indicator adjustable on. the frame;

('0) The space scale is adjustable on the frame and the reading indicator. fixed on the carriage;

(d) The space scale is fixed on the frame, and the" reading indicator adjustable on the carriage.

The space scale is constitutedby. a series of marks-of differentcol'ors forming a parallel, to. they longitudinal axis of' the typewriter, and, whichever of the above combina.

tions (a) to (d) is adopted, the notchesor hOlSgOf, the

setting scale of the justifier (setting scales if; the. typewriter comprises several normal terminal segments)' are identified. byv marks of corresponding colors. At the be-- ginning ofj the; worlcthev adjustable, element of the read-.-

ing. system. is, placed on its support in. such. a way that the central mark of the space scale, in other words the Zero, coincides with the reading indicator whenztheilast: character of a normal terminal segmenthas just been printed. At the end of. the blank typing of; any terminal. segment, the indicator points to a determined color of the space scale, and it is enough for the typist to set the justifierto the notch of the same color, without numerical. preoccupation of any kind.

The invention will be well understood by the following description of its application to an end-of-line justifying typewriter with its carriage sliding in relation, to. the rack and the justifying lever pivotingontherack,for the combination (a) above, i. e. adjustable space. scale on the carriage and reading indicator fixed on the frame,

the space scale being carried by. the. rule, which. holds the paper against the platen, the descriptionbeing made.

with reference to the attached drawings. in which:

Fig; l is a diagrammatic and partial plan view oi.v such a typewriter where the carriage is in the position for the beginning of justifications;

Fig. 2. represents an elcvational view of a space scale on a removable clip;

Fig. 3 is a section along line IIIIII of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 represents in plan view a modification of the removable clip shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 represents in elevationanother form of the removable clip;

Fig. 6 is a side view of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 represents in elevation. 21.. space: scale on a non removable slider;

Fig 8isa side view of the above slider;

Figs. 9 to 12 show various:forms.which it is possible to give the different colored marks, on a space scale on a clip;

Fig. 13 shows a setting scale for a justifier, provided with circular colored marks, as in Figs. 2, 5 and 7; 4

Fig;.. 14' is a view of the same typewriter, as in, Fig 1. where thecarriage is in theposition reached at the. end? of justifications.

In Fig. 1, B" represents the frame of the typewriten. upon which the carriage Ch moves; thefr'ame B is indi l cated by only a part; of its outline I is. the. terminal. justifier mounted on. the. right ofthe carriage Cli, with. itssetti'ng scaleE and its justifyinglever L which the stopk of the frame contacts from the beginning of justificationsyk iscarriedbya slider m, adjustable on the rail. m." ofthe frame. G is the guide of the typewriten with. the. type guide-f. The sheet ofpaper F is held. against theplaten H- by the graduated paperbail or rule R,,.whi'ch= cairbeturned' up or'down in the known mannen e. g., by v rotation around shafts a, a, carried by the end plates. t, t of thecarriage. The small: rubber rollers 'r and r." holding'the paper can slide on the paper baillR..

It is-assumedthat the typewriter is fittedgas, are manyof' the recent models, with transparent plates such as, articulated on the frame on each side of the gpide G. Only one of these plates, is represented, and the reading. indicatoritakes the formof'a small arrow engraved. on. it; Togive. the typist more freedom inthe dispositioniof' the rollers r, r, contingent. upon. the size of: paper used. and the place that .the. justified column. will: occupy. iii... the page, it is practical toprovid'e a supplementary indi.

' cator 20"to 40 characters away' from the fi'rs..t,.e.. g. atlifi.

011' the same plate p. as i, or on the symmetricalplatei. Itis evident that the indicators can becarried. byany other partof the. frame than a transparent,plate.. The. continuation of the description supposes. that the. typist employs the'indicatorii. p

r In plan views such as those of. Figs, 1' and. 114,, thegrad: nations of the paper bailR, as well as the indicator 1",. would be hardly visible. For the clearness, of. thediae grams, the paper bail and the indicator are... therefore. represented such' astheyfappear to the typist,.i;.e...approxi.- matelyin; elevation. i j Y In: accordance with the invention, thev paper bail, Kiss fitted with a movable scale 2.. (space scale) of, a length at least equal to the totaljustification range,,f or instance. a length of 9 characters if the range stretches from, 4j to +4 characters; In the case ofEig. 1,. the. scale; is, heldon a clip C, a member maderemovablein order, to permit the'sliding of the rollers 1-,, 1:" up to. the most. convenient positions, in function eventually of. theposi; tion* which C'will have, itself, to occupy. On,the.otherhand, it the paper bail or rule R is free from. obstacles fromone end to the other, the scale canbe. established. on a' slider, a non removable member of, whichthe. type; writerfs' technique offers, numerous examples. of.- construe? tion. I 7

Following the. invention. likewise, the space: scale: a: consists. of a series of: different; colored. marks. such: as; :1: (Figs. 1' and 2), in a.- nurnber equal to'the. totarL-justi fication play and. witlna distanceof one: characteiz-fromk bail or rule R, will move past the reading indicator 1' towards the end of the blank typing of the terminal segments, when the series of different colored marks will have been initially set on the rule for this purpose.

In the case of a removable clip (Figs. 2 to 6), the scale ecan appear behind or in front of the rule, according to the structure of the typewriters to which the invention is applied, e. g. the space between the platen and the rule R in working position, the degree by which the indicator i may be brought nearer the scale and the manner in which the reading is effected, etc.

Figs. 2 to 4 show one design of such a removable clip in which the space scale e appears behind the paper bail or rule. The clip C comprises a projection for grasping and two hooks c, c, by means of which it is clipped on the rule R. The hooks have a certain resiliency, in order to grasp the rule firmly, or else, it is the body of the clip which is designed spring-like, as shown in plan view in Fig. 4, in such a way as to flatten against the rule when it is forced on it. Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate a second design of removable clip, where the scale e appears in front of the rule R. The clip then clasps the rule-with a spring effect between its back and front faces. In addition to general arrangements of this kind, given be inclined towards the front or back, with a view to giving the scale 2 a better lighting, as indicated in dotted lines on the end views (Figs. 3 and 6).

In the case of a slider C (Figs. 7 and 8), still for a carriage rule sliding in relation to a frame indicator, a window or opening f permits the graduations of the rule R to be seen. The upper part of the slider is roughened to facilitate its manipulation.

In the different examples mentioned above, the scale 2 appears beneath the graduations of the rule R: indeed, the carriage sliding on the frame, the indicator i is normally situated lower than the rule. When the rule is integral with the frame and the indicator 1' mounted on the carriage, it is on the contrary the reverse arrangement, i. e. the scale e above the graduations of the rule R, which is the most natural.

Still following the invention, each notch or hole of the setting scale E (Figs. 1 and 13) of the justifier (setting scales if the typewriter comprises several normal terminal segments), is identified by a mark'such as N, preferably of the same form, and obligatorily of the same color as the mark 11 of the clip (or of the slider) to which it corresponds.

As to the form, the marks can take, for example, that of circular figures as in Figs. 2, 5 and 7, squares (Fig. 9), triangles with the apex turned towards the indicator (Fig. 10), vertical rectangles (Fig. 11), lozenges, ovals with a vertical axis, that is, in general terms, any regular forms likely to facilitate their visual separation at the normal observation distance.v In all the cases, the zero marks of the space scale e and the setting scale E of the justifier can take a form different from that of the other marks, e. g. a simple line of some thickness, a small arrow, a figure larger than the others, or, else, smaller, an asterisk, etc., inorder to stand out plainly on these latter. According to a modification, the series of marks coresponding respectively to the deficient terminal segments and to the overlarge terminal segments are of different forms, e. g. circular figures for the first series and triangles for the second (Fig. 12), the corresponding arrangement being duplicated naturally on the setting scale E of the justifier.

No numerical graduation exists therefore on the space scale e, this not excluding the eventual use of and signs on each side of the central mark, as well as a zero for this mark, as well as zero for this mark, such a symbol then being considered not as a figure, but as the particular design given to the said mark to differentiate it from the others, as explained above. On the other hand, the settingscale E of the justifier (the scales if the typesimply as examples, the base of the clip can rections on stencils and duplimats, etc.

for example,

writer comprise several normal terminal segments) is not necessarily free from such graduations; it can be useful indeed, for justifications from a preparatory copy having an uneven margin, to show the numerical value of the setting notches by some indications. From this point of view, the most convenient notches for numberingare those of +2 and --2, for, in combination with the central notch (or zero notch) identified by a particular mark, they graduate the scale E in a well-balanced and sufiicient manner (Fig. 13). It must be well understood however, first, that these numberings in no way take part in the justifications at the first attempt, and, secondly, as will be shown below, that even the justifications after a preparatory typing do not necessitate their use.

It does not matter what the colors of the different marks are, on condition that they are easily distinguished one from another and they stand out from the backgrounds of the clip C (or slider C) and the scale E. 'The central marks being characterized by a special form, their color is of no great concern; for preference, however, they should be made black if the backgrounds of the clip C and the scale E are of light color, or white if these latter are dark.

For a justification play of :4 characters, the colors of the marks can, for example, be the following, from left to right for the space scale e and from bottom to top for the setting scale E of the justifier, when the member shifting the carriage in relation to the rack (the justifying lever L in the typewriters of the kind-shown in Fig. 1) turns clockwise during the justifications: yellow, red, blue, maroon, white or black (or no color at all) for the zero marks, orange, violets, green and beige.

It is not as easy as one'would expect to compose acombination of eight or nine colors easily distinguishable one from another without tiring the eyes when-these colors" Practically, the,

cover only very small and close surfaces. number of necessary colors can be reduced to six.

In the great majority of cases, indeed, a justif cation play of :4 characters is more than necessary,'and one at least of the notches +4 or -4 could be omitted. If they are both retained, it is, first, to meet certain solicitude for the symmetry in the presentation of the endof-line justifying typewriters, secondly, for the occasional obtaining of special effects such as the execution of titles and sub-titles greatly dilated'or contracted, cor- In any case, these notches not serving in the justification routine where.

they could be accidently confused with the others, and. being, when special work is in progress, instinctively dis cernible from the others owing to their place at the ends .of the scales, it is unnecessary to make them colored.

In these circumstances, a group of six colors is sufficient.

The choice of these colors as regards their mutual contrasts and their setting off from the backgrounds of the clip C and scale E is then easy. These colors can be, in the same order as above: red, yellow, blue, for the three negative settings orange, green, violet for the next three positive settings; or else, in the same order: red, white and blue, then yellow, black and green, the zero marks not being colored 01' being black or white, but standing out plainly from the other marks due to their particular form, as'already experception of the colors on the space scale e, as well as to the reflex setting of the justifier by correspondence of colors-to the exclusion of any numerical reading or computation-are more easy to effect.

These various arrangements having been set forth, the initial settings for the justifications at the first attempt will now be described:

l'. The leaf of paper F being rolled round the platen H, the right hand margin M (Fig. 1) which the typist wants to manage corresponds to a certain graduation of the rule R; let this graduation be 84, for example. If the normal terminal segment utilized comprises 30 characters, the justifications nearest the zero, and

the contrasts necessary to an immediate will have to begin at the graduation I Z 85a-30=-5,5; of. the, rule; (if it. comprised 2,81 characters; they wouldbegin at the, graduation 8'5 -2.8;=5.7.):i. The: position which; the clip:C occupiesontheirule kdoesinot. matter for the moment.

2. The typist brings the: graduation; :51 of therule: in:

the verticalplane of the type guide f (Fig. 1 sets, the; element; of theframe (here thestopk); intended to 6,011:- tactacertain member of thejustifier, (:here; the; justifying; lever L); at thecontact with this, membegyand then locks the. said-element in position. In ,this-gmannerrat. eachipas sage of. the graduation 55 past tho;typ rguid f, th i1 5: tifier, will go into actiorn Eurthen. when; the blank. typings must be effected on the space bar, the typist sets: the right hand marginstop (line loch) so, that itstops; the carriage; at these passages; but-,,i f; the-blank typings; ar eliectedon thekeyboard, she contentsherself, WiihrPllS-l'lr ing the, said line lock back to theaendfof the-carriageor of, the. frame, according to the; structure of the; typewriters in other words, she puts the line. lock out ofthe way. It is, then the sounding; of. a. bell. which, an: nounces the arrival of the graduation 5.5 in; the plane of the-type guide asdescribed in the application for patent' Serial No. 300,072 filed July 21,1952, underthe title "Blank Typing of Terminal Segments.

3. In shifting the carriage characters towards the: left (Fig. 14), the typist brings the graduation: 85. in; line with. the type guide 1, then. places the: space: scale.- e, i. e. the clip C (or the slider: C); ontherule Riso. that: its-centralrnark coincides with oneof thereading-ihdicaators, the indicator 1, for example. (she couldzjust as well; use the indicator i by shifting theroller r aiewcharac: ters to the right). Thus, when thejustifications start, the zero mark of the space scale ev Will be; 30. characterst to. the right of the chosen indicaton i and, after-the: impliession of the last character of a normalterminal segment, the indicator 1' will point to this zero, mark.

Of the above three operations, only thelast, relative to the initial, setting of the space. scale, addsanything to the initial settings described in the; aforementioned; applications: for patents. The properlytermed justificatiou. operations being known, it is not, necessaryf to reviewthem, but that which concerns the actual setting of the justifier using colors, during justifications, must. be ex plained.

The figures of the scale presenting, for example, the following colors, indicated above (still from left to right, on the, space scale e and from bottom totop on the. setting. scale E of the justifier): yellow, red, blue, maroomblack for, the central mark, orange, violet, green and'beige, if, at the end of the blank typing of a terminal segment, the indicator'i points to the maroon'figure-which is one character. to, the left of the central mark, the, segment comprises 29 characters; if it points to the violet figure which is two characters to the right of the central mark, the segment comprises 32 characters. However, the; typist has no need to know these numbers, no more than. to know and to remember the numbers of the characters respectively. lacking or in excess which are deduced from. them. All she has to do is to set the justifier to the, maroon or to the violet notch, without troubling herself in: any. way with numerals, the notches of these colors corresponding by construction to the settings -1. and +2.0n the. scaleE of the justifier. Experience confirms. that. the setting, of the terminal iustifiers by correspondenceoicolorsis surer, speedier and less tiring, in other words more automatic; than-the settingby numerical, graduations Althoughthe, above example concerns a normal terminal segment of 30 characters, it is clear, that the invention. applies whatever the. number of characters of the normal" terminal, segment used, in particular for greater numbers, the. justifications at the, first attempt on, typewriters-, withseveral.normal terminal segments, not neces: sarily, implying obligation to use the shortest of thesesegments...

venientlyby initially placingthe space: scale 6/ on the."

rule R as indicated above in;3 for; justifi'cations: attia first attempt, i. e. so that the central markof-theyspacezscalez coincides. with the reading indicator 1' whenthe last char.- acter of a line the length of which is eqll'ahtozthewidth of the, desired column has just been typed; Whemthea last character of any line of the. preparatory copyxhasr just been typed, the indicator i points; to,- a, mark; of a; determined position of the spacescale, either left orrright of. the central mark. The position in question, witl t its; sign (signs, or engraved on;the scale), indicates; the setting which will suit this line. If the. indicator shows, for example, theZndimark after the, central marlg. in the region covered by the sign, the; setting; to; be, noted will be +2; if it shows the 3rd-.mark befor e; the central mark, in theregion covered,- by the-1 sign; the;

setting will be 3; finally, ifit shows;the.- aetualcentnah mark, the setting will be obviously zero.-

The use ofa; special scale, numerieally graduated fliQrthv -4 to- +4 could well be envisaged for theexecution; ofi.

preparatory copies, the colored scale being then relegated; to a point of the rule R where its view would cause no' inconvenience; still, the reading of figures necessarily. small and closetogether not being very. sure, whereas the:- estirnation of the position of a mark'froman-easily, dis tinguishable central mark is most easy (and all the. less subject to errors as this position practically'never, exceeds: 3 in justifications), such a scale would. bring no notable, advantageto the user.

Instead of noting the marks position on the preparar' tory copy, the typist may note their color by means,- of abbreviations, and subsequently set the justifier to these colors, as for justifications at a first attempt. This ex plains what has beensaidabove of the fact thatthetjusti-v fications after a preliminary typing do not callin any way; for numbering the notches of the setting; scale E oi the justifier, even in a reduced manner, as in 2 and. +2, for-- example, in Fig. 13. The setting of terminal justifierson: colorssuits thetwo modes of justification.

The invention. has been described for a, typewriter in, whichthe space. scale isadjustable on the carriage, and: the readingindicator secured to theframe. It mustbe. well, understood, however, as specified above, that its-,application to end-of-line justifying typewriters is notglirnited, to such an arrangement, but that: I

(Combinationb above) the space scale can be secured to the carriage and the reading indicator adjustable-nett e; frame; in this case, the space scaleis engraveddirecil y on. the graduated rule of the carriage, itsmarks of. ditierenh colors superposing themselves on the graduations. of. the, saidrule;

(Combination c above) the space scale can be'a diustr.

able on the frame and the reading indicator secured; to he.

carriage; or else (Combination d. above), the spaeevscale can be fixedon the frame-it is then engraved directly on, the graduated rule of thislatter-and the reading indicar tor adjustable on the carriage. In theselatter twocases, as the indicator moves past the scale from rightto left dur ing typing, the colors corresponding to'the negative set-- tings are to the right of the central mark-,, whereas the. colors corresponding to the positive settings. are to. the left.

Finally, the invention does not concernsimpl'y thetyperwriters with a justifying lever pivoting on the rack taken as example in. the present description; on. the contrary, it applies to allthe types of end-of-line justifyingiypewritersi; described.v in: the aforequoted applications-for patents.

I claim:

11. In arjustifying typewriter having a frameaa carriage, shiftable; thereon, and, justifying. mechanism; including: at justifying memberand. setting means. for said; member; a:

color setting; apparatus. comprising a space scale, a series of differently colored markings on said scale and spaced one character from each other, a reading indicator for said scale, said scale and indicator being mounted on said typewriter, one of said scale and indicator being adjustable, the relative positions of said scale and indicator bcing such that said indicator points to a zero mark on said space scale when the last character of a line equal in length to the width of the desired column has been printed or blank typed, a justifier setting scale associated with said member and a series of colored markings thereon corresponding to those on said scale.

2. In a justifying typewriter having a frame, a carriage shiftable thereon and justifying mechanism including a justifying lever, a color setting apparatus comprising a space scale, a series of differently colored markings or. said scale and spaced one character from each other, a reading indicator for said scale, said scale and indicator being mounted on said typewriter, one of said scale and indicator being adjustable, the relative positions of said scale and indicator being such that when said indicator points to a zero mark on said space scale it indicates that the last character of a line equal in length to the width of the desired column has been printed or blank typed, the markings being of substantially the same geometrical form and taken from the class consisting of circles, rectangles, ovals and triangles, and a setting scale for the justifying lever provided with notches designated by scale by the indicator will guide the 10 markings of the same character as those borne by the space scale.

3. In a justifying typewriter having a frame, a carriage shiftable thereon and justifying mechanism including a justifying lever and setting means for said lever including a scale having color designations, a color setting apparatus comprising a space scale, a reading indicator for said space scale, one of said space scale and indicator being adjustable, the relative positions of said space scale and indicator being such that said indicator points to a zero mark on said space scale when the last character of a line equal in length to the width of the desired column has been printed or blank typed, said space scale bearing color designations corresponding to those on the scale of the setting means whereby a color indicated on the space operator in arranging the justifying lever according to a color on the setting scale corresponding to that designated on the space scale by said indicator.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 559,921 Williamson May 12, 1896 642,264 Sears Jan. 30, 1900 909,313 Mosher Jan. 12, 1909 2,217,160 Dodge Oct. 8, 1940 2,325,505 Goy July 27. 1943 

